READ I| Today in history, September 11: What happened on this day
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Today in history – important events
Marathon Clash of Arms
490 BC Kr. – Tradition says that the Battle of Marathon took place on this date, showing the triumph of a small Athenian contingent over the mighty Persian Empire.
Venlo contract
1543 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg solemnly signs the Treaty of Venlo, relinquishing control of the Duchy of Guelders to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
Inaugural testing of the submarine
1624 – London witnessed the first public testing of the first submarine, which took place on the waters of the Thames under the watchful eye of King James I.
Flamsteed’s Astronomical Awakening
1662 – A partial solar eclipse caught the attention of John Flamsteed, sparking in him a deep interest in the field of astronomy.
Conquest of Vilim Oranski
1673 – Prince William of Orange successfully takes over Naarden, marking a pivotal moment in Dutch history.
Casanova’s forced closure
1755 – Giacomo Casanova faced five years in prison in Venice, handed down without trial, as punishment for insulting religion and public decency.
George Mason’s Constitutional Vision
1787 – American statesman George Mason proposed incorporating the Bill of Rights into the Constitution, drawing inspiration from earlier state declarations, although his proposal was ultimately defeated.
Marat’s radical publication
1789 – In Paris, Jean-Paul Marat presented the first issue of his radical newspaper, initially entitled “Le Publiciste parisien”, which later became known as “L’Ami du peuple” (Friend of the People).
Mutiny at the prize trial
1792 – A court-martial began trying the instigators of the infamous mutiny on board HMS Bounty, a hearing held aboard HMS Duke in Portsmouth harbor and presided over by Vice-Admiral Samuel Hood.
Gold discoveries in California
1857 – Tragedy struck when the steamer SS Central America, known as the ‘Ship of Gold’, sank in a hurricane off Cape Romain, South Carolina, claiming the lives of 423 souls and a vast treasure of gold coins and bricks from the California Gold Rush, which was later recovered discovered in 1988.
Geographical summit in Brussels
1876 - King Leopold II of Belgium opened the Geographical Conference in Brussels, gathering 40 prominent experts in the field of geography. The conference eventually passed a key resolution establishing the International African Association.
Meeting of Leopold II with de Brazza
1882 – King Leopold II of Belgium welcomed Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza during an important diplomatic meeting.
Fort Salisbury Foundation
1890 – Colonists under the command of Cecil Rhodes laid the foundation stone for Fort Salisbury, now known as Harare, Zimbabwe.
Adolf Hitler’s political entry
1919 – Adolf Hitler, as the seventh member, joined the obscure German Workers’ Party. His orientation was not rooted in the advocacy of workers’ rights, but in the promotion of German nationalism and the acceptance of anti-Semitism.
The nationalist enterprise of Gabriele D’Annunzio
1919 – The poet Gabriele D’Annunzio led a militant nationalist movement, which culminated in the annexation of Rijeka to Italy.
Leó Szilárd’s nuclear discovery
1933 – Leó Szilárd conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction while waiting at a red light in Southampton Row, Bloomsbury.
Howard Hughes’ aerial triumph
1935 – Millionaire Howard Hughes took to the skies in a self-designed H-1 racing plane, setting a new speed record of 352.46 mph (567 km/h) over Santa Ana, California.
A dog’s discovery of ancient art
1940 – Four teenagers, following their faithful dog, made a remarkable archaeological discovery near Lascaux, France, uncovering the famous 17,000-year-old drawings now known as the Lascaux Cave Paintings.
Waffen-SS saves Mussolini
1943 – The Waffen-SS, under the command of Otto Skorzeny, carried out a daring mission to free Benito Mussolini, who was imprisoned in Gran Sasso.
Second conference in Quebec
1944 – The Second Quebec Conference was convened in Quebec City, Canada, bringing together Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Their deliberations covered such topics as Allied occupation zones, the Morgenthau Plan, American Lend-Lease aid to Britain and the role of the Royal Navy.
Invasion of Hyderabad by the Indian Army
1948 – A day after the death of Pakistani leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Indian army launched an invasion of Hyderabad state.
Presidential victory of Theodor Heuss
1949 – Theodor Heuss secured his election as the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), and Konrad Adenauer assumed the role of first prime minister.
Jack Kilby’s Technological Breakthrough
1958 – Jack Kilby presented his inaugural integrated circuit (IC) to his superior, marking a transformative moment in the field of electronics.
Little Rock Integration Mandate
1958 – The US Supreme Court issued an order ordering the integration of the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
The Difference between Church and State by John F. Kennedy
1960 – John F. Kennedy made a clear distinction, stating that he does not speak for the Roman Catholic Church, nor does the Church speak for him.
Rise of the X-15 by Joseph A. Walker
1961 – NASA civilian pilot Joseph A. Walker flew the X-15 to an incredible altitude of 34,840 meters.
The overthrow of the Ethiopian emperor
1974 – Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie was overthrown in a coup d’état on Ethiopia’s National Day.
Mae Jemison’s Historic Space Flight
1992 – Mae Jemison became the first African-American woman to go into space, aboard Endeavor mission STS-47.
Lifting of sanctions against Libya
2003 – The United Nations lifted sanctions against Libya after the country accepted responsibility and an obligation to pay compensation to the families of the victims of the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
Sentencing of Joseph Estrada
2007 – Former Philippine President Joseph Estrada was convicted of robbery.
Rediscovery of King Richard III
2012 – Excavators make a landmark announcement, suggesting they may have unearthed the remains of King Richard III of England. under car park in Leicester.
Music, TV and movies
A musical masterpiece
1910 – Gustav Mahler’s monumental 8th Symphony, known as the “Symphony of a Thousand”, premiered in Munich, with an impressive gathering of 1,028 musicians.
Gershwin’s theatrical collaboration
1925 – George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin presented their first musical together, “Lady, Be Good!” The production, which stars siblings Fred Astaire and Adelle Astaire as a brother-sister dance team, ended its successful run at New York’s Liberty Theater after an impressive 330 performances.
Katharine Hepburn’s theatrical debut
1928 – Katharine Hepburn made her New York stage debut in “The Nightmare”.
Noël Coward’s theatrical premiere
1952 – Noël Coward’s play, “Quadrille,” premiered in London, displaying the wit and charm for which the playwright was known.
The inaugural entry of the Spaghetti Western
1964 – The spaghetti western genre took off with the premiere of Sergio Leone’s A Fistful of Dollars, starring Clint Eastwood in his first starring role.
“Taxi” television debut
1978 – The television sitcom “Taxi” debuted on ABC, starring Judd Hirsch, Jeff Conaway, Danny DeVito, Tony Danza, Marilu Henner and Andy Kaufman.
The animated arrival of the Smurfs
1981 – “The Smurfs,” an animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera, had its first broadcast in North America.
Film intrigue by David Lynch
1986 – David Lynch’s Blue Velvet, starring Isabella Rossellini, Kyle MacLachlan and Dennis Hopper, opens in Toronto, captivating audiences with its enigmatic story.
Molitor’s RBI milestone
1993 – Paul Molitor achieved a significant milestone as, at the age of 37, he became the oldest player to record 100 career RBIs for the first time.
Concert to help farms
1999 – Farm Aid 12 was held in Bristow, Virginia, featuring music stars such as Willie Nelson, Neil Young, John Mellencamp, Dave Matthews Band, Susan Tedeschi, Keb’ Mo’, Deana Carter and the Barenaked Ladies.
“Nomadland” triumphed at the Venice Film Festival
2020 – Chloé Zhao’s film “Nomadland”, starring Frances McDormand, won the prestigious Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.
On this day in history – Sport
1922: Paavo Nurmi’s record race
Finnish athlete Paavo Nurmi set a remarkable world record in the 5000 meters race, crossing the finish line in an incredible 14 minutes and 35.4 seconds.
1930: Al López’s unique Home Run
Brooklyn catcher Al López made baseball history by hitting the last recorded Major League Baseball home run.
1964: Ralph Boston’s record jump
American long jumper Ralph Boston set the then world record by leaping an incredible distance of 27 feet, 4 1/4 inches (8.34 meters) in Los Angeles, California.
1979: Yastrzemski’s 3000th goal
Boston Red Sox legend Carl Yastrzemski reached a monumental milestone in baseball, securing his 3,000th hit against New York Yankee pitcher Jim Beattie.
1991: Nolan Ryan’s career win
Baseball icon Nolan Ryan picked up his 312th career win in a hard-fought 4-3 win over the Minnesota Twins.
1999: Agassi’s triumph at the US Open
In a thrilling US Men’s Open, Andre Agassi won his second and final title by beating fellow American Todd Martin 6-4, 6-7, 6-7, 6-3, 6-2.
2005: Mark Messier’s retirement announced
Ice hockey legend Mark Messier made a significant announcement on ESPN Radio, announcing his retirement from the National Hockey League (NHL).
Today in history – birthdays
Francis I of France (1494-1547)
Renaissance King: Francis I of France, who ruled from 1515 to 1547, was born in Cognac, France.
Henry Hudson (ca. 1565-1575)
Explorer Extraordinaire: English navigator and explorer, famous for the Hudson River, was born in England.
Richard Jordan Gatling (1818-1903)
Inventor of the Gatling Gun: American inventor of the iconic Gatling gun, born in Hertford County, North Carolina.
HH Asquith (1852-1928)
British Prime Minister: Leader of the Liberal Party from 1908 to 1916, born in Morley, England.
HL Mencken (1880-1956)
Famous Critic: Influential American journalist and critic, born in Baltimore, Maryland.
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897-1956)
Nobel Prize Winner: French chemist and physicist, 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and daughter of Marie Curie, born in Paris, France.
Jesse Owens (1913-1980)
Olympic Champion: Celebrated American athlete with four Olympic gold medals from the 1936 Summer Olympics, born in Oakville, Alabama.
Barry White (1944-2003)
Soulful singer: American singer known for hits like “Can’t Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe” and “You’re The First, The Last, My Everything”, born in Galveston, Texas.
Wilfred Benítez (born 1958)
Boxing miracle: Puerto Rican boxer, youngest world champion at 17 years and 176 days (WBA welterweight), born in NYC, New York.
Paul Walker (1973-2013)
American actor known for his role in the film series “The Fast and the Furious”, born in Glendale, California.
On this day in history – death
Edmund Randolph (1753-1813)
A key figure in the founding of the United States, who was the first US Attorney General (1789-1794) and the second US Secretary of State (1794-1795), died at the age of 60.
Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869)
The British lexicographer best known for “Roget’s Thesaurus” and the inventor who contributed to the development of slides and the pocket chess board lived to be 90 years old.
Anthony Perkins (1932-1992)
American actor known for his roles in films such as “Psycho”, “Friendly Persuasion”, “Fear Strikes” and “Pretty Poison”. He succumbed to AIDS-related pneumonia at the age of 60.
Johnny Cash (1932-2003)
The cult American country singer known for classics like “I Walk the Line”, “Ring of Fire” and “A Boy Named Sue” left this world at the age of 71.
Ray Dolby (1933-2013)
The American engineer and sound expert who revolutionized audio technology with the development of the Dolby noise reduction system has died of leukemia at the age of 80.
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Source: vcmp.edu.vn