Jaishankar Prasad (1890–1937) was an Indian poet known as one of the four pillars of the Chhayavad genre of Hindi literature. His poems, stories, novels and plays were drawn from historical Indian figures and Indian mythological events. He is also known as one of the first poets to popularize the Khari Boli of the Hindi language.
Contents
Wiki/Biography
Jaishankar Prasad was born in Varanasi (then Banaras in United Province, British India) in Uttar Pradesh, India. According to some sources, he was born on Thursday, 30 January 1890 (age 46 years; at the time of death), and according to another source, he was born on 30 January 1889 (age 47 years; at the time of death). , His zodiac sign was Aquarius. He learned Sanskrit and Hindi at home from his teacher Mohini Lal Gupta. His interest in writing was revealed to his family as he wrote a poem for his teacher Rasmay Siddh at the age of 9. His father was a generous man who always helped the poor. His father died when he was 11, and his mother died when he was 15; However, his elder brother took up the responsibilities of the family and Jaishankar continued to study various languages like Braj, English, Urdu and Arabic and the past history of India and the Vedas. He also studied at Queens College, Varanasi (erstwhile Banaras) for a brief period till class 8, after which he started working in the family business to support the family after the death of his elder brother at the age of 17. .
Physical Appearance
Height (Approx): 5′ 10″
Hair Color: Black
Eye colour: black
Family
He was born in a Madhesia Teli Vaishya family.
parents and siblings
His father’s name was Babu Devaki Prasad Sahu and mother’s name was Munni Devi. His father was into tobacco business and because of his father’s tobacco business, he was also known as Sunghani Sahu. He had an elder brother named Shambhurtan Sahu.
wife and children
In 1908, he was married to Vindhavansani Devi who died due to tuberculosis. He then married Saraswati, who died of tuberculosis in 1917. After this he married Kamla Devi. They became parents of a boy named Ratan Shankar Prasad.
livelihood
Poems/Poetry Collection
He is considered one of the four pillars of Chhayavad style of Hindi literature. He wrote his early works in Braj language under the pseudonym Kaladhar; However, he gradually shifted towards the Khari Boli dialect of Hindi and used Sanskrit words in his writings and wrote under the pseudonym Prasad. His writing style is considered to be simple, illustrative, decorative language and emotional and leans towards love, nature, human emotions and representation of old Hindu traditions and history rather than present day landscapes. His poems are widely praised for establishing the Khari Boli of the Hindi language as the language of Hindi literature. His famous poems and poetry collections include Himadri Tung Shring Se, Peshola Ki Pratidhano, Sher Singh Ka Surrender, Gunda, Madhur Madhavi Sandhya Mein, Prem Pathik (The Love Wanderer) in 1913, Jharna (The Waterfall) in 1918, Aansoo (The Tear ) Are included. ) in 1925, Lahar (The Wave) in 1933, Atmakatha (Autobiography), and Kamayani (an epic about Manu and the flood) in 1936.
Drama/Drama
He wrote a total of 13 plays which include 8 historical plays, 3 mythological and 2 emotional plays. The timeline and subject matter of his plays span from the Mahabharata to Harshavardhana and the national consciousness of Indian history. His plays include Chandragupta based on Emperor Skandagupta, Dhruvaswamini based on Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, Rajyashri (Royal Bliss), Ajatashatru based on Emperor Ajatashatru, Janmejaya’s Naag-Yagya based on King Janmejaya, Ek Ghunt (A Sip), and Kamna (A Desire ).
stories
His stories mostly depict Indian historical figures and stories in the Hindi language and include Sanskrit words. His stories include Puraskar (prize), Ghulam (slave), Pratidhwani (echo), Akashdeep (inner lamp), Indrajal (hypnosis), Sandesh (doubt), Mamta, Chhota Jadugar and Daasi (maid).
Novel
He wrote three novels in his career. His novel Titli (The Butterfly) is based on rural life, and his novel Kankal (The Skeleton) is based on human civilization. He was writing the novel Irawati which remained incomplete due to his death in 1937 and was later published in 1940.
Other work
He began writing in the monthly magazine Indu, published by his nephew Ambika Prasad Gupta, in 1909 and his early works can be found in editions of this magazine.
Awards, Honors, Achievements
- Awarded Mangalaprasad Award by Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Prayag in 1938 for Kamayani.
Death
He died of tuberculosis in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India (then Banaras in the United Provinces, British India). According to some sources, he died on 15 November 1937 (aged 47), and according to another source, he died on 14 January 1937 (aged 46).
Facts/General Knowledge
- Interest in his plays was revived by Shanta Gandhi, Professor of Ancient Indian Drama at the National School of Drama, Delhi, who in the 1960s staged his play Skanda Gupta, written in 1928 with very few changes to the original script.
- He liked playing chess and gardening at his home.
- He had a very good memory and had memorized Amarkosh and Laghu Kaumudi at the age of 9.
- His family was very rich and was second only to the king of Varanasi.
- He had a very close friendship with Indian novelist Munshi Premchand.
Jaishankar Prasad (left) with Munshi Premchand.
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Categories: Biography
Source: vcmp.edu.vn